Three-dimensional analysis of posterior tooth inclinations in transverse and sagittal relationships: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare tooth inclinations in different sagittal skeletal patterns and transverse maxillary relationships three-dimensionally. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out with 132 three-dimensional digital models in the complete permanent dentition divided into six groups (n=22); three groups with maxillary atresia: G1- skeletal class I, G2- skeletal class II and G3-skeletal class III; three groups without maxillary atresia: G4- skeletal class I; G5- skeletal class II and G6- skeletal class III. The comparison between the skeletal pattern was performed by the non-parametric tests of Kruskal Wallis and Dunn and between the groups by the non-parametric test of Mann Whitney. RESULTS: Subjects with skeletal class II and maxillary atresia had a greater lingual inclination of the maxillary teeth than those with class I and III; Subjects with skeletal class II without atresia had a less lingual inclination of the mandibular molars than the other classes (p<0.05). The maxillary premolars showed no variation in dental inclination with atresia, independent of the skeletal class in G1, G2, and G3 (p>0.05). The mandibular premolars showed that the groups without atresia G4, G5, and G6 presented no significant difference (p>0.05). Lower premolars in skeletal class III malocclusion individuals with atresia had a more negative inclination than the others. CONCLUSION: There is a difference in the inclination of posterior teeth between individuals with and without maxillary atresia and skeletal classes I, II, and III.

Relationship between aesthetic concern and self-esteem in adolescents with severe malocclusion.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between aesthetic concern and self-esteem in adolescents with severe malocclusion. METHODS: A cross-sectional study developed with 543 adolescents from 11 to 13 years of age and severe malocclusion was selected. Dental aesthetic index (DAI) diagnosed the malocclusion and selected the groups with greater severity (DAI 3 and 4). Aesthetic concern was assessed using the oral aesthetic subjective impact scale (OASIS) and considered an outcome variable. The global negative self-evaluation (GSE) evaluated self-esteem. The variables were analysed using Poisson multiple regression and the model adjustment determined by the Akaike information criterion (AICC). The effect of each variable on OASIS was expressed as a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals. The analyses were performed using the R program with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between aesthetic concern scores and self-esteem (p<.05). Individuals with low self-esteem had OASIS scores 14% higher (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.21). There was no significant association between OASIS and gender and age (p>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem modulates how the individual perceives malocclusion. Adolescents with severe and very malocclusion and low self-esteem have greater aesthetic concerns.

A resistência ao cisalhamento aumenta com o elástico com amortecedor de impacto associado ao bráquete ortodôntico? / Does shear bond strength improve with the elastic with impact buffer associated with the orthodontic bracket?

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento (RUC) do bráquete ortodôntico associado ao elástico Guard como absorvedor de impactos e o índice de remanescente adesivo (IRA). Sessenta pré-molares humanos foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 20): G1) sem elástico; G2) com elástico convencional (3M Unitek) e G3) com elástico Guard (3M Unitek). Os bráquetes Kirium Roth 0.22 (3M ESPE) foram fixados no terço médio da face vestibular do dente com resina Transbond XT (3M Unitek) e fotoativados por 3 segundos em cada face do bráquete com o dispositivo Valo (Ultradent). Após armazenamento por 24 horas, as amostras foram submetidas a uma velocidade de 1 mm/minuto. Os bráquetes foram retirados e o IRA avaliado em estereomicroscópio (Olympus) em aumento de 8x. Os dados do RUC foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05), e os dados ARI foram submetidos ao teste exato de Fisher. G3 mostrou valores RUC (20,1 ± 4,5) significativamente mais elevados do que o Grupo G1 sem elástico (15,3 ± 3,7) (P < 0,05). Não foi observada diferença estatística entre G2 (16,9 ± 6,0) e os demais grupos (P > 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na avaliação do IRA (P = 0,3303). Em conclusão, a resistência ao cisalhamento do bráquete foi maior quando associado ao elástico Guard, sendo estatisticamente significante em relação aos bráquetes sem elástico. Menos da metade da resina permaneceu no dente em todos os grupos estudados para o IRA.(AU)

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (RUC) of the orthodontic bracket associated with the Guard elastic as an impact absorber and the remaining adhesive index (ARI). Sixty human premolars were selected and randomly distributed in three groups (n = 20): G1) without elastic; G2) with conventional elastic (3M Unitek); and G3) with Guard elastic (3M Unitek). Kirium Roth slot brackets 0.22 inch (3M ESPE) was fixed to the middle third of the buccal face of the tooth with Transbond XT resin (3M Unitek) and photoactivated for 3 seconds on each bracket face with the Valo (Ultradent) device. After storage for 24 hours, the samples were subjected to a speed of 1 mm/minute. The brackets were taken off, and the ARI was evaluated in a tereomicroscope (Olympus) in 8x magnification. The RUC data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05), and ARI data were subjected to Fisher's exact test. G3 showed RUC values (20.1 ± 4.5) significantly higher than the group without elastic G1 (15.3 ± 3.7) (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed between G2 (16.9 ± 6.0) and the other groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in the assessment of ARI (P = 0.3303). In conclusion, completing the RUC of the Guard and the conventional elastic band was superior concerning the other groups. Less than half of the resin remained in the tooth in all groups studied for the ARI. (AU)

Impact of Dental Aesthetic Index characteristics on the severity levels of malocclusion in a non-White population.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the impact of the esthetic and occlusal characteristics of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) on the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1296 non-White adolescents aged 12 years. DAI was the outcome variable (DAI 1 and 2 and DAI 3 and 4). The independent variables were categorized on the basis of the occlusal esthetic characteristics evaluated by DAI (tooth absence, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, maxillary misalignment, mandibular misalignment, maxillary anterior overjet, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship). Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for the outcome, and the raw odds ratios were estimated. Variables with a P value of <0.20 for individual analyses were tested in a multiple logistic regression model, with P ≤0.05 remaining. RESULTS: A total of 1296 adolescents (764 girls and 532 boys) were evaluated; 1067 (82.3%) had DAI 1 or 2 (minor to a moderate need for orthodontic treatment), and 229 (17.7%) had DAI 3 or 4 (defined need for orthodontic treatment). The results showed that adolescents with diastema, maxillary irregularity, mandibular irregularity, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and the altered molar relationship had 5.34, 2.36, 2.63, 3.56, 8.73, and 5.16 times more likelihood to have DAI 3 or 4 (P ≤0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diastema, maxillary and mandibular misalignment, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship were the characteristics that influenced the determination of the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population using the DAI index.

Esthetic impact of maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding in children in the mixed dentition.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the esthetic impact of mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema in children in the mixed dentition. METHODS: The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 785 children, aged 8-10 years, in the late mixed dentition. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated clinically with the Dental Aesthetic Index. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated to determine tooth size-arch length discrepancies. The sample was stratified as group 1, children without maxillary midline diastema or mandibular crowding (n = 177); group 2, children with maxillary midline diastema (n = 256); group 3, children with mandibular crowding (n = 208); and group 4, children with maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding (n = 144). The subjective esthetic impact was evaluated using the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score. Descriptive and exploratory analyses of the data were performed. A generalized linear model was applied, adjusted for the possible confounding variables (age, gender, and race) with a significance level of 5% because the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score did not meet the assumptions of analysis of variance. RESULTS: Children in groups 2 and 3 showed greater esthetic concern than group 1 (P <0.05). Children in groups 2 and 3 did not show a significant difference with children in group 4 (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with mixed dentition with mandibular crowding or maxillary median diastema reported significantly more esthetic concern than children without these conditions.

Influência da cor e dos ciclos de estiramento na degradação da força dos elásticos intermaxilares / Influence of the color and the stretching cycles in the force degradation of intermaxillary elastics

Resumo Este estudo in vitro teve como objetivo avaliar a força liberada por elásticos ortodônticos coloridos e naturais e a degradação da força ao longo de 24 horas. No total foram utilizados 40 elásticos com força leve, divididos em quatro Grupos (n = 10) de acordo com o diâmetro (1/4 pol. e 3/16 pol.) e cor (elásticos com borracha natural e elásticos coloridos). Para causar fadiga nos elásticos, foi utilizada uma máquina de ensaio simulando movimentos mandibulares. As leituras da força elástica foram feitas na máquina de Teste Universal Instron 4411 nos intervalos de tempo de 1, 4, 15 e 24 horas. Os dados de redução da força foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey (a= 5%). Os resultados demonstraram redução da força ao longo do tempo em todos os grupos, com o elástico colorido de 1/4 de polegada de diâmetro apresentando força significativamente maior do que o de borracha natural em todos os intervalos de tempo. Já os elásticos de 3/16 polegadas de diâmetro, apesar de apresentarem degradação de força, não apresentaram diferença significativa para os tipos de cor. Elásticos coloridos e de cor natural, de ambos os diâmetros, apresentaram degradação da força ao longo de 24 horas, porém os elásticos coloridos de 1/4 de polegada de diâmetro apresentaram valores de força superiores aos da cor natural (AU)

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the force released by orthodontic colored and natural elastics and the degradation of force over the course of 24 hours. In total 40 elastics with light force were used, divided into four Groups (n=10) according to their diameter (1/4 inch and 3/16 inch) and color (elastics with natural rubber color and colored elastics). To cause fatigue on the elastics, a test machine simulating mandibular movements was used. The elastic force readouts were taken on the Instron 4411 Universal Test Machine in the intervals of 1, 4, 15 and 24 hours. The reduction in force data was analyzed by the Tukey test (a= 5%). The results demonstrated a reduction in force over the course of time in all the groups, with the colored elastic 1/4 inch in diameter showing significantly higher force than those of natural rubber color in all the time intervals. While the 3/16 inch diameter elastics, although showing degradation of force, did not show significant difference for types of color. Colored and natural elastics, of both diameters, showed degradation of force over 24 hours, however, the colored 1/4 inch diameter elastics showed higher force values than those of the natural color (AU)

What Factors are Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Mixed Dentition Children?

Abstract Objective: To associate the OHRQoL and HRQoL in mixed dentition children with the influence on age range, socioeconomic and clinical variables. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,240 children between 6 and 12 years of age. HRQoL was assessed by the Quality of Life Assessment Scale, considered an outcome variable. OHRQoL was determined using specific questionnaires related to the age group: Oral Health Impact Scale in Early Childhood, Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years. Dental caries and malocclusion were diagnosed. The socioeconomic class was evaluated. A multiple negative binomial regression analysis was used to test the relationship between HRQoL, OHRQoL scores and socioeconomic and clinical variables. Correlation analyses were performed between the total HRQoL and OHRQoL, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The HRQoL is inversely related to the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05), modulated by the age group. There was a significant weak negative correlation between the HRQoL scores and the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The OHRQoL impacts the HRQoL, modulated by the age group and with minor influence from socioeconomic and clinical variables (AU).

A Multivariate Analysis of the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion and Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and self-esteem in adolescents in the Amazon region. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 212 adolescents with 12-year-old enrolled in all public schools in the Boca do Acre (Amazonas, Brazil). Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) assessed the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. The self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated by the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and Global Negative Self-evaluation (GSE), the adolescent's self-esteem. The malocclusion was clinically evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The variables with p<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with p<0.10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Adolescents with low self-esteem were 2.20 (95% CI: 1.23-3.93) times more likely to have a more significant impact on dental aesthetics (p<0.05). When verified by domains, the adolescents with low self-esteem had 2.33 (95% CI: 1.31-4.17) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.09-3.42) times more likely to impact the psychological and social domains of the PIDAQ, respectively. Conclusion: Self-esteem influenced adolescents' perception of dental aesthetics in the domains related to psychological and social impact (AU).

Avaliação do tratamento de superfície de resina composta na resistência de união de bráquetes metálicos / Evaluation of composite resin surface treatment in the union resistance of metallic brackets

O objetivo deste estudo experimental in vitro foi avaliar a Resistência de União ao Cisalhamento (RUC) da colagem de bráquetes em diferentes tratamentos de superfície de resina composta, associados a dois agentes de união. Foram confeccionados 90 corpos de prova com resina composta Filtek Z350 (3M/ESPE). Os corpos de prova foram aleatoriamente divididos em nove grupos (n=10): (1) grupo controle; (2) silano e primer; (3) adesivo universal (5) ácido fosfórico, silano e primer (4) ácido fosfórico, adesivo universal; (6) ácido fluorídrico, silano e primer; (7) ácido fluorídrico e adesivo universal; (8) broca, silano e primer e (9) broca e adesivo universal. Em seguida, foi aplicado na superfície de colagem do bráquete metálico (Standart Edgewise para incisivo central superior ­ Morelli, Sorocaba/SP) a resina ortodôntica Transbond XT/3M. O bráquete foi colado na resina composta Filtek Z350 (3M/ESPE). Após 24 horas foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento na máquina Instron, com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Em seguida foi avaliado o Índice de Remanescente Adesivo (IRA). Não houve diferença significativa entre os agentes de união quanto à resistência de união (p>0,05). Os oito grupos que receberam agentes de união apresentaram resistência significativamente maior do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). O grupo preparado com ácido fluorídrico apresentou menor resistência que os preparados com ácido fosfórico (com silano + primer transbond) e broca diamantada (com silano + primer transbond e com adesivo universal), p<0,05. Concluiu-se que o tratamento de superfície influencia na resistência de união. (AU)

Abstract The aim of this in vitro experimental study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of bracket bonding in different composite resin surface treatments associated with two bonding agents. Ninety specimens were made with Filtek Z350 composite resin (3M/ESPE). The specimens were randomly divided into nine groups (n=10): (1) control group; (2) silane and primer; (3) universal adhesive (5) phosphoric acid, silane and primer (4) phosphoric acid, universal adhesive; (6) hydrofluoric acid, silane and primer; (7) hydrofluoric acid and universal adhesive; (8) drill, silane and primer and (9) universal drill and adhesive. Transbond XT/3M orthodontic resin was then applied to the bonding surface of the metal bracket (Standart Edgewise for upper central incisor ­ Morelli, Sorocaba/SP). The bracket was bonded to the Filtek Z350 composite resin (3M/ ESPE). After 24 hours they were submitted to the shear bond test on the Instron machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test. Then the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated. There was no significant difference between bonding agents regarding bond strength (p> 0.05). The eight groups that received bonding agents showed significantly higher resistance than the control group (p <0.05). The group prepared with hydrofluoric acid presented lower resistance than those prepared with phosphoric acid (with silane + transbond primer) and diamond drill (with silane + transbond primer and universal adhesive), p <0.05. It was concluded that the surface treatment influences the bond strength.(AU)

Impact of facial profile on young adults' oral health-related quality-of-life item levels: A hierarchical analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of facial profile on young adults' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) item levels. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 205 young adults, with a mean age of 23.1 years. The individuals answered questions about OHRQoL (OHIP-14) and self-esteem (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). The Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to evaluate normative orthodontic treatment needs and define dental malocclusion clinically. Facial profile was analyzed using photographs and dichotomized into two levels: normal (straight) and altered facial profile (convex or concave). A calibrated researcher performed the clinical examination. Association between the independent variables and the outcome (OHRQoL) was established by hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis for each item level. Considering the variable of interest (facial profile), the psychological incapacity domain was the most affected item. RESULTS: Individuals with changed facial profile had 2.47 (1.04-5.85) times higher chances of reporting impacts on psychological incapacity than those with a normal profile (p> 0.05). The association was modulated by dental malocclusion and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The convex and concave facial profile showed a negative impact on the psychological aspects of young adults' quality of life.

Do dental bleaching sessions prior to orthodontic treatment change the bond strength of esthetic brackets?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to evaluate whether dental bleaching performed before orthodontic treatment change the shear bond strength (SBS) of monocrystalline and polycrystalline esthetic brackets. METHODS: Sixty (60) bovine incisors teeth were used and randomly divided into the following six groups (n=10): SCP (without bleaching/polycrystalline brackets); SCM (without bleaching/monocrystalline brackets); 1CP (one bleaching session/polycrystalline brackets); 1CM (one bleaching session/monocrystalline brackets); 3CP (three bleaching sessions/polycrystalline brackets); and 3CM (three bleaching sessions/monocrystalline brackets). The brackets were bonded seven days after the bleaching sessions. The samples were submitted to the SBS test in a universal testing machine (Instron model 4411) at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. After the mechanical test, samples were evaluated to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI). RESULTS: The SBS values were significantly higher for the monocrystalline brackets, when compared with the polycrystalline type (p< 0.0001), and significantly higher with three bleaching sessions than without bleaching (p< 0.0436). The ARI showed predominance of failures between the bracket and resin for all the groups (score 3). CONCLUSION: Three dental bleaching sessions increased the SBS values. Monocrystalline brackets showed higher SBS values than the polycrystalline type.

Comparison of friction of metallic and ceramic brackets during sliding mechanics after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: An in vitro experimental study was carried out with the objective to compare the friction in aesthetic and metallic brackets after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet during sliding mechanics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aesthetic monocrystalline (n=24) and polycrystalline (n=24) and metallic brackets (n=24) were used. Each group of brackets was divided into two groups, as follows: the first group received prophylaxis with a bicarbonate jet, while the second group did not. An acrylic plate was attached to the base fixature of the Instron 4411 universal testing machine, simulating the retraction movement of the canine during sliding mechanics. The bracket was pulled at a speed of 0.5mm/minute over a distance of 0.5mm. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. RESULTS: After the sodium bicarbonate jet, conventional metal brackets showed less friction (P<0.05). While the aesthetic brackets did not show significant difference in friction between the exposed and non-exposed groups with the sodium bicarbonate jet (P>0.05), the polycrystalline brackets showed greater friction when compared to the other groups of brackets. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet did not influence the resistance to friction in aesthetic brackets; however, metal brackets showed a significant decrease in friction after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet. Our results suggest that the abrasion of the sodium bicarbonate particles can cause micromorphological changes, which may influence the friction; however, studies with scanning electron microscopy are necessary.

Does dental trauma in early childhood have the potential to affect the quality of life of children and families? / Os traumatismos dentários na primeira infância têm potencial para afetar a qualidade de vida das crianças e das famílias?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of dental trauma on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and their families. Methods: A total of 571 children aged five years were randomly selected at public schools. Trauma was clinically evaluated in accordance with the Andreasen classification. Caries experience in the anterior region and increased overjet were determined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was answered by the parents and used to evaluate OHRQoL. In addition, this questionnaire has aspects related to socioeconomic status. Simple logistic regression was performed, and the raw Odds Ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. The variables with p<0.20 were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with p≤0.05 remained in the model and the adjusted odds ratio with respective 95%CI was estimated. Results: Income showed a magnitude of association of 1.56 and 2.70 with the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. The avulsion variable showed 9.65- and 8.25-times greater chance of influencing the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. The experience of caries showed 3.80- and 2.42-times greater chance of influencing the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. Conclusions: Dental trauma did not influence OHRQoL of children and their families negatively. However, avulsion and caries experience in low-income families was associated with a negative perception of OHRQoL.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do traumatismo dentário na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças e suas famílias. Métodos: 571 crianças de 5 anos de idade foram aleatoriamente selecionadas de escolas públicas. O trauma foi avaliado clinicamente de acordo com a classificação de Andreasen. A experiência de cárie na região anterior e a presença de overjet foram determinadas com base nos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A versão brasileira do questionário ECOHIS (Escala de Impacto na Saúde Oral na Primeira Infância) avaliou a QVRSB e foi respondida pelos pais; além disso, foram avaliados aspectos socioeconômicos. Realizou-se uma regressão logística simples, bem como as razões de chances brutas com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. As variáveis ​​com p <0,20 foram testadas nos modelos de regressão logística múltipla, e aquelas com p≤0,05 permaneceram no modelo. Resultados: A renda mostrou uma magnitude de associação de 1,56 e 2,70 com a QVRSB das crianças e famílias, respectivamente. A variável avulsão apresentou chance 9,65 e 8,25 vezes maior de influenciar a QVRSB de crianças e famílias, respectivamente. A experiência de cárie mostrou chance 3,80 e 2,42 vezes maior de influenciar a QVRSB de crianças e famílias, respectivamente. Conclusões: O trauma dental não influenciou negativamente a QVRSB das crianças e suas famílias. Entretanto, especificamente a avulsão, e a experiência de cárie nos dentes anteriores em famílias de baixa renda estiveram associadas a uma percepção negativa da QVRSB.

On-line Searches for Terms Related to Hand Hygiene During the COVID-19 Pandemic Worldwide

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the difference in the on-line searches for terms related to hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic in developed and middle-income countries. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study analyzed the digital data through the Google Trends website to obtain the variation of the relative search volume (RSV) through the terms "alcohol gel" and "handwashing." According to socio-economic development, the countries were divided into two groups: countries from different continents and hemispheres, with more than 15 million inhabitants, with more than 50% of the population with access to the Internet network and over 1,000 confirmed cases of infected with COVID-19. The paired t-test was applied to compare the means. The significance value adopted was p<0.010. Results: The searches related to the term "hand washing" were more significant when compared to the term "alcohol gel," and the term "alcohol gel" presented a higher average volume of research in developed countries (p<0.010). The developed countries had a higher average relative volume of research than middle-income countries (p<0.010). Developed countries sought more for the term "alcohol gel," and the term "hand washing" showed no difference in the volume of research about the country's socio-economic aspect. Conclusion: Developed countries have a higher volume of search for hand hygiene terms. The middle-income countries must create proposals for raising awareness outside the on-line environment so that this information reaches the entire population during the pandemic.

Can orthodontic need cause bullying? / A necessidade de ortodontia pode causar bullying?

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between orthodontic treatment need and the self-reported bullying, and its impact on adolescents' self-esteem. Methods: The sample consisted of 160 schoolchildren from 11 to 14 years of age, enrolled in public schools. The history of bullying was evaluated by means of the Crozier; Dimmock adapted Questionnaire (1999). Self-esteem was determined by means of the Global Negative Self-Evaluation Scale (GSE). The normative orthodontic treatment need was determined by the Dental Health Component (DHC) and perceived need, by Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Individual analyses were made of the associations with the history of bullying (outcome). Results: The variables that presented P ? 0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in a multiple logistic regression model, and variables with P ? 0.05 remained in the model. The odds ratios with the intervals of confidence were estimated. According to the results 72.5% of the schoolchildren reported a history of bullying. The schoolchildren who presented negative impact on the quality of life related to oral symptoms and negative self-esteem were observed to have 4.59 and 5.44 times more chance, respectively to report a history of bullying (P < 0.05), which did not suffer the influence of normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need. Conclusion: The history of bullying was not influenced by orthodontic treatment need, but by the low self-esteem of adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a associação entre a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e o bullying autorrelatado e seu impacto na autoestima dos adolescentes. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 160 escolares de 11 a 14 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas. A história de bullying foi avaliada por meio do Questionário Crozier; adaptado por Dimmock (1999). A autoestima foi determinada por meio do Global Negative Self-Evaluation Scale (GSE). A necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico foi determinada pelo Componente de Saúde Bucal (DHC) e a necessidade percebida, pelo Componente Estético (AC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN). Foram realizadas análises individuais das associações com a história de bullying (desfecho). Resultados: As variáveis que apresentaram P ? 0.20 nas análises individuais foram testadas em modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo no modelo as variáveis com P ? 0.05. Foram estimados os odds ratios com os intervalos de confiança. De acordo com os resultados, 72.5% dos escolares relataram história de bullying. Os escolares que apresentaram impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionado aos sintomas bucais e autoestima negativa tiveram 4.59 e 5.44 vezes mais chance, respectivamente, de relatarem história de bullying (P < 0.05), e não sofreram influência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico normativa e percebida. Conclusão: A história de bullying não foi influenciada pela necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, mas pela baixa autoestima dos adolescentes.

Affective relationships as predictors of TMD symptoms in young adults / Relações afetivas como preditoras de sintomas de DTM em adultos jovens

Abstract Introduction Orofacial pain is a critical TMD symptom that can influence physical and social capacity. Objective To evaluate the association of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms with affective relationships and demographic variables in young adults. Material and method A cross-sectional study involving 395 young adults was developed. Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, anxiety, and depression were collected from questionnaires. The Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need measures the orthodontic treatment need. Questionnaires also contained questions related to the previous orthodontic treatment. Logistic regression models were adjusted, estimating crude odds ratio with the 95% confidence intervals. The variables with p<0.20 in the analyses were assessed in a multiple logistic regression model, remaining with p≤0.10. Result There was no significant association of TMD symptoms with sex, age, medication use for pain, previous orthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment need, anxiety, and depression (p>0.05). Individuals without an affective relationship are 1.78 (95%CI: 0.99-3.17) times more likely to report TMD symptoms. Conclusion Affective relationships showed an association with TMD symptoms in young adults.

Resumo Introdução A dor orofacial é um sintoma crítico da DTM que pode influenciar a capacidade física e social. Objetivo Avaliar a associação dos sintomas das desordens têmporomandibulares (DTM) com as relações afetivas e variáveis demográficas em adultos jovens. Material e método Estudo transversal envolvendo 395 adultos jovens foi realizado. Os critérios diagnósticos para DTM, ansiedade e depressão foram coletados a partir de questionários. O Componente de Saúde Bucal do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico mensurou a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Os questionários também continham questões relacionadas ao tratamento ortodôntico anterior. Modelos de regressão logística foram ajustados, estimando odds ratio bruto com os intervalos de confiança de 95%. As variáveis com p<0.20 nas análises foram avaliadas em modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo as variáveis com p≤0.10. Resultado Não houve associação significativa dos sintomas de DTM com sexo, idade, uso de medicamentos para dor, tratamento ortodôntico prévio, necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, ansiedade e depressão (p>0.05). Indivíduos sem relacionamento afetivo têm 1.78 (IC95%:0.99-3.17) vezes mais chance de relatar sintomas de DTM. Conclusão Os relacionamentos afetivos mostraram associação com os sintomas de DTM em adultos jovens.

DOES DENTAL TRAUMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO AFFECT THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of dental trauma on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and their families. METHODS: A total of 571 children aged five years were randomly selected at public schools. Trauma was clinically evaluated in accordance with the Andreasen classification. Caries experience in the anterior region and increased overjet were determined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was answered by the parents and used to evaluate OHRQoL. In addition, this questionnaire has aspects related to socioeconomic status. Simple logistic regression was performed, and the raw Odds Ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. The variables with p<0.20 were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with p≤0.05 remained in the model and the adjusted odds ratio with respective 95%CI was estimated. RESULTS: Income showed a magnitude of association of 1.56 and 2.70 with the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. The avulsion variable showed 9.65- and 8.25-times greater chance of influencing the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. The experience of caries showed 3.80- and 2.42-times greater chance of influencing the OHRQoL of children and families, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dental trauma did not influence OHRQoL of children and their families negatively. However, avulsion and caries experience in low-income families was associated with a negative perception of OHRQoL.

Exploring the impact of oral health-related quality of life on the child's family structure

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on the child's family structure. Methods: A representative sample of 613 children from public preschools, in a city in southeastern Brazil, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The sample was determined through probabilistic sampling in two stages (preschools and children). The outcome variable (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale [ECOHIS]) was multi-categorized in children and family. Independent individual variables were sex, race, family income, parents'/caregivers' level of education, family income, dental caries, and malocclusion. Initially, individual analyses were performed, relating the study variables to the outcome variables, estimating the raw odds ratio with the respective confidence intervals of 95%. The variables with p < 0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in the multiple logistic regression models, and those with p < 0.10 remained in the model. Results: Impact on OHRQoL was reported by 40.9% of the children and 17% of their families. Children with low family income and caries experience had, respectively, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.00-2.32) (p = 0.0465) and 2.96 (95% CI: 1.81-4.84) (p < 0.0001) more chance of presenting negative impact on OHRQoL. Conclusions: The aspects that most affected the OHRQoL of child's family structure were low income and dental caries experience

Behavioral and clinical aspects associated with probable sleep bruxism in early childhood / Aspectos comportamentais e clínicos associados ao provável bruxismo do sono na primeira infância

Introduction: Although many studies are being carried out with sleep bruxism, the literature points to a lack of studies with methodological quality in children. Objective: To evaluate the behavioral and clinical aspects associated with probable sleep bruxism in early childhood. Material and method: A cross-sectional observational study carried out with 371 children between 4 and 6 years of age. Parents answered a questionnaire with aspects related to their children's sleep behavior. Among the clinical characteristics, the presence of lip sealing, clicking, teeth marks on the jugal mucosa, and the side of the tongue was evaluated. Tooth wear was assessed using the BEWE index criteria. Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for each independent variable, estimating the gross odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Variables with P <0.20 in the individual analyzes were adjusted in a multiple logistic regression model, with those with P ≤ 0.05 remaining in the model. Result: 42.4% of parents reported that their children gritted their teeth while sleeping. Children who showed wear on their teeth were 1.53 times more likely to grind their teeth. There was no significant association with the other variables analyzed (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Behavioral aspects were not associated with probable sleep bruxism. Among the clinical characteristics evaluated, tooth wear showed an association, which may indicate the probable bruxism of sleep in early childhood.

Introdução: Embora muitos estudos estejam sendo realizados com o bruxismo do sono, a literatura aponta uma carência de estudos com qualidade metodológica em crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar os aspectos comportamentais e clínicos associados ao provável bruxismo do sono na primeira infância. Material e método: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 371 crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade. Os pais responderam a um questionário com aspectos relacionados ao comportamento do sono de seus filhos. Entre as características clínicas, foram avaliados a presença de selamento labial, estalidos, marcas dos dentes na mucosa julgal e na lateral da língua. O desgaste dentário foi avaliado por meio dos critérios do índice de BEWE. Foram ajustados modelos de regressão logística simples, para cada variável independente, estimando-se os odds ratios brutos com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. As variáveis com P< 0.20 nas análises individuais foram ajustadas em um modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo no modelo aquelas com P ≤ 0.05. Resultado: 42.4% dos pais relataram que seus filhos rangiam os dentes enquanto dormiam. Crianças que apresentaram desgastes nos dentes, tinham 1.53 vezes mais chances de ranger os dentes. Não houve associação significativa com as demais variáveis ​​analisadas (P> 0.05). Conclusão: Aspectos comportamentais não apresentaram associação com o provável bruxismo do sono. Entre as características clínicas avaliadas, o desgaste dentário apresentou associação, podendo ser um indicador para o provável bruxismo do sono na primeira infância.

Evaluation of friction on self-ligating and conventional brackets associated with different types of archwires submitted to sliding mechanics

Aim: The aim of this study was to verify the frictional force during sliding mechanics in orthodontic tooth movement, using conventional metal brackets of the active and passive self-ligating types with stainless steel and copper nickel titanium archwires. Methods: This experimental in vitro study was conducted with conventional metal (Morelli, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil) brackets, active self-ligated (SLI Morelli, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil) and passive self-ligated (SLP Morelli, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil), with slot 0.022 x 0.028 inches and Roth prescription. The brackets were tested with rectangular section 0.019 x 0.025 inch copper nickel titanium and stainless steel archwires. For each type of bracket, 10 sets of plate/bracket/archwire segment (n=10) were fabricated. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparison between types of brackets and Wilcoxon tests for comparison between types of archwires. Results: The results showed that the frictional force values were higher with copper nickel titanium than with stainless steel archwires (p<0.05). When copper nickel titanium archwires were used, the active self-ligating brackets showed higher frictional force values than the other types, followed by the conventional brackets. Lower frictional force values were observed with passive self-ligating brackets. For stainless steel archwires, no difference was observed between conventional and active self-ligating brackets, the passive self-ligating type presented lower frictional force values than the others. Conclusion: It was concluded that the higher frictional force was observed when active self-ligating brackets were associated with copper nickel titanium archwires. Lower frictional force was verified between passive self-ligating brackets combined with stainless steel archwires